Engineering Design and Development of Bio-inspired Functional Composite Coatings from Plant-based Resources

PGR-P-2319

Key facts

Type of research degree: PhD
Application deadline: Friday 14 November 2025
Project start date: Thursday 1 October 2026
Country eligibility: UK only
Funding: Competition funded
Source of funding: Doctoral training partnership
Supervisors: Dr Sepideh Khodaparast and Dr Amin Sadeghpour
Schools: School of Mechanical Engineering
Research groups/institutes: Institute of Thermofluids

<h2 class="heading hide-accessible">Summary</h2>

How can we design smarter, greener materials for the future? Nature has spent millions of years refining materials that balance strength, flexibility, and functionality in remarkable ways. Inspired by these designs, this PhD project will explore how biological structures can inform the development of next-generation sustainable materials. The research will investigate how natural composites achieve their unique properties and apply these insights to the design, fabrication, and testing of advanced microstructured materials using state-of-the-art micro/nanofabrication techniques. A key focus will be on creating plant-based hybrid composites and metamaterials with tailored performance, addressing the growing demand for materials that are both functional and sustainable. By studying successful biological systems and translating their design principles into engineered structures, the project aims to expand understanding of how form, structure, and composition can be combined to achieve novel properties. The PhD will be supervised by an interdisciplinary team at the University of Leeds across the Faculties of Physical Sciences and Engineering, and Environment. You will receive raining in advanced fabrication and characterisation methods, including optical and electron microscopy, X-ray scattering and diffraction, and mechanical and surface analysis. This project offers an exciting opportunity to develop expertise at the interface of biology, materials science, and engineering innovation. An inclusive environment and supportive application process: As an international research-intensive university, we welcome students from all walks of life and from across the world. We foster an inclusive environment where all can flourish and prosper, and we are proud of our strong commitment to student education. Interested? Discuss this PhD Opportunity with Dr Sepideh Khodaparast by contacting: s.khodaparast@leeds.ac.uk

<h2 class="heading hide-accessible">Full description</h2>

Background: This PhD project is part of our interdisciplinary research with various scientist towards development for biomimetic functional materials and processes for development of highly functional materials in a scalable manner. Within the research groups of the supervisory teams, we have identified a number of interesting biological materials with exceptional functionalities that will serve as the source of inspiration and design guideline for this project. This PhD project aims to extend and translate our knowledge of biological models to novel engineering solutions. Research objectives: The project aims to design and develop new functional composite materials using plant-based resources inspired by successful biological model systems. The main objectives and programme of work are to: <ol> <li paraeid="{8e2d8e04-223a-4ae5-b07d-58a27c797f14}{92}" paraid="826902948">Study the link between the function and material properties in example biological organisms. Examples currently under investigations in the supervisory group research teams are the superhydrophobic leaves of plants and environmental stimuli responsive wings of insects. </li> <li paraeid="{8e2d8e04-223a-4ae5-b07d-58a27c797f14}{104}" paraid="968082770">Identify accessible and sustainable plant-based resources to reproduce the biological composite materials. Examples of such materials are cellulose that is the most abundant organic polymer on Earth and its derivative, and plant-based waxes that are agricultural by-products. </li> <li paraeid="{8e2d8e04-223a-4ae5-b07d-58a27c797f14}{110}" paraid="1084597899">Fabricate composite coatings through a combination of micro and nanofabrication techniques, such as electrospinning, spin coating and sputter coatings. </li> <li paraeid="{8e2d8e04-223a-4ae5-b07d-58a27c797f14}{116}" paraid="2010307075">Test and optimise the fabricated coatings for the desired functionalities. Examples of functionalities of interesting are (i) the capability to harvest atmospheric vapour into fresh water, (ii) fast and reproducible response to environmental stimuli such as high temperature, UV and humidity, and (iii) super-hydrophobicity for sustainable protective packaging. </li> </ol> Training and Career Development This PhD position offers the opportunity to work at the forefront of bio-inspired materials research, combining scientific creativity with practical impact. You will gain interdisciplinary training across material science, physics, and engineering, supported by expert supervisors and access to world-class facilities. Alongside developing advanced experimental skills—from micro/nanofabrication to high-resolution characterisation—you will build a strong foundation in sustainable materials design, an area of growing importance in both academia and industry. The project’s interdisciplinary scope, cutting-edge methods, and sustainability focus will provide you with highly transferable skills, strong career prospects, and the chance to contribute to innovative solutions for global challenges in materials, energy, and the environment. Skills Required We are looking for candidates who are motivated, curious, and eager to learn, with strong analytical capabilities and problem-solving skills to connect natural design principles to engineering solutions. Qualities such as attention to detail, adaptability, and good organisational skills will be valuable, and an enthusiasm for working collaboratively in an interdisciplinary environment will be especially welcomed. The project will involve advanced experimental and analytical techniques, so a background in science or engineering will be important. Full training will be provided on all laboratory methods and associated health and safety requirements. As part of the PhD, candidates will also develop skills in project management, scientific writing for both technical and non-technical audiences, and presentation skills through participation in international conferences and group meetings. In addition, they will receive training in specialised characterisation techniques—including optical and electron microscopy, X-ray scattering and diffraction, and mechanical and surface analysis—alongside the development of strong data analysis capabilities. The Research Environment You will join the Institute of Thermofluids (iTF) within the School of Mechanical Engineering at the University of Leeds. The Institute of Thermofluids (iTF) at the University of Leeds is at the forefront of research driving a sustainable future. PhD students here work on critical challenges in energy efficiency, low-carbon technologies, and clean power generation. From advancing hydrogen and alternative fuels to optimizing heat transfer and fluid systems for renewable energy applications, iTF research directly supports global net-zero goals. The institute combines world-class experimental facilities with cutting-edge computational modelling, enabling breakthroughs in areas such as carbon capture, energy storage, and next-generation cooling systems. Strong collaborations with industry and international partners ensure that research has real-world impact, shaping sustainable solutions for energy, transport, and manufacturing sectors. By joining iTF, PhD students become part of a vibrant community committed to tackling climate change through innovation in thermofluids science—developing the expertise to lead in the transition to a cleaner, more sustainable energy future. Our Commitment to an Inclusive, Equitable and Diverse Research Community: As an international research-intensive university, we welcome students from all walks of life and from across the world. Across all Faculties we are dedicated to diversifying our community and we welcome the unique contributions that individuals can bring, and particularly encourage applications from, but not limited to Black, Asian, people who belong to a minority ethnic community, people who identify as LGBT+ and people with disabilities. Applicants will always be selected based on merit and ability.

<h2 class="heading">How to apply</h2>

Formal applications for research degree study should be made online through the <a href="https://www.leeds.ac.uk/research-applying/doc/applying-research-degrees">University's website</a>. Please state clearly in the Planned Course of Study section that you are applying for EPSRC DTP Engineering & Physical Sciences and in the research information section that the research degree you wish to be considered for is Engineering Design and Development of Bio-inspired Functional Composite Coatings from Plant-based Resources as well as <a href="https://eps.leeds.ac.uk/mechanical-engineering/staff/8170/dr-sepideh-khodaparast">Dr Sepideh Khodaparast</a> as your proposed supervisor. Please state in the Finance section that you are applying for the EPSRC Doctoral Landscape Award 2026/27: Mechanical Engineering. If English is not your first language, you must provide evidence that you meet the University's minimum English language requirements (below). Applications will be considered after the closing date. Potential applicants are strongly encouraged to contact the supervisors for an informal discussion before making a formal application. We also advise that you apply at the earliest opportunity as the application and selection process may close early, should we receive a sufficient number of applications or that a suitable candidate is appointed. Please note that you must provide the following documents in support of your application by the closing date of Friday 14 November 2025: <ul> <li>Full Transcripts of all degree study or if in final year of study, full transcripts to date including grading scheme</li> <li>Personal Statement outlining your interest in the project</li> <li>CV</li> </ul> As an international research-intensive university, we welcome students from all walks of life and from across the world. We foster an inclusive environment where all can flourish and prosper, and we are proud of our strong commitment to student education. Across all Faculties we are dedicated to diversifying our community and we welcome the unique contributions that individuals can bring, and particularly encourage applications from, but not limited to Black, Asian, people who belong to a minority ethnic community, people who identify as LGBT+ and people with disabilities. Applicants will always be selected based on merit and ability.

<h2 class="heading heading--sm">Entry requirements</h2>

Applicants to research degree programmes should normally have at least a first class or an upper second class British Bachelors Honours degree (or equivalent) in an appropriate discipline. The criteria for entry for some research degrees may be higher, for example, several faculties, also require a Masters degree. Applicants are advised to check with the relevant School prior to making an application. Applicants who are uncertain about the requirements for a particular research degree are advised to contact the School or Graduate School prior to making an application.

<h2 class="heading heading--sm">English language requirements</h2>

The minimum English language entry requirement for research postgraduate research study is an IELTS of 6.0 overall with at least 5.5 in each component (reading, writing, listening and speaking) or equivalent. The test must be dated within two years of the start date of the course in order to be valid. Some schools and faculties have a higher requirement.

<h2 class="heading">Funding on offer</h2>

A highly competitive EPSRC Doctoral Landscape Award providing full academic fees, together with a tax-free maintenance grant at the standard UKRI rate (£20,780 in academic session 2025/26) for 3.5 years. Training and support will also be provided. This opportunity is open to UK applicants only. All candidates will be placed into the EPSRC Doctoral Landscape Award Competition and selection is based on academic merit. Please note that there is only 2 funded place(s) available and there are 17 projects in competition for this funding. If you are successful in securing an academic offer for PhD study, this does not mean that you have been successful in securing an offer of funding. Please refer to the <a href="https://eur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ukcisa.org.uk%2F&data=05%7C02%7CJ.S.Hewer%40leeds.ac.uk%7C07632c93c06a442dca3d08ddfc172939%7Cbdeaeda8c81d45ce863e5232a535b7cb%7C0%7C0%7C638943898649349324%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ%3D%3D%7C0%7C%7C%7C&sdata=nylGSov8jOc7hr6X%2FmfnfQPecbVUnGqgoSqVgPGy5K0%3D&reserved=0">UKCISA</a> website for information regarding Fee Status for Non-UK Nationals.

<h2 class="heading">Contact details</h2>

For further information about this project, please contact Dr Sepideh Khodaparast by email to <a href="mailto:S.Khodaparast@leeds.ac.uk">S.Khodaparast@leeds.ac.uk</a> For further information about your application, please contact PGR Admissions by email to <a href="mailto:phd@engineering.leeds.ac.uk">phd@engineering.leeds.ac.uk</a>

<h3 class="heading heading--sm">Linked funding opportunities</h3>